Programmatic review of the mosquito control methods used in the highly industrialized rice agroecosystems of Sacramento and Yolo Counties, California

Abstract In the Sacramento Valley (California, USA), rice ( Oryza sativa L.) fields are an economically important crop and productive habitats for mosquito species Culex tarsalis Anopheles freeborni. Since 2010, approximately 150 km 2 of conventional 16 organic have been grown in Yolo Counties. These often within flight-range both rural towns urban centers. highly competent vectors West Nile virus, An . freeborni aggressive, mammalophagic, nuisance biters. The Sacramento–Yolo Mosquito Vector Control District provides control two counties its jurisdiction. principles Integrated Pest Management used to mosquitoes growing areas, relying upon a range surveillance interventions. Larvae controlled by limiting that enable development immature while balancing agricultural wildlife needs, applying larvicides, use Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish). Adult ultra-low volume pesticide applications. program was assessed larval adult efficacy areas programmatic improvement identified. Because mosquitoes, complete elimination habitat is not feasible goal, thus efforts aimed at interrupting disease transmission reducing number traverse into populated areas.